Research Achievements - Original paper -
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Kobayashi M.
International Journal of Clinical Oncology ( International Journal of Clinical Oncology ) 28 ( 11 ) 1530 - 1537 2023.11 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
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Zhou M.
Anatomical Science International ( Anatomical Science International ) 98 ( 4 ) 611 - 617 2023.09 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
Variations appearing in biceps brachii muscle are common with accessory head, different origins, variant insertion, and different pattern of nerve innervation. However, variations appearing in both origin and insertion, and with other anomalous morphology at the same time are seldom. Here we report a complex variational case on the right arm of a 91-year-old Japanese female cadaver. The complex variations included (1) the biceps brachii muscle bifurcated at its distal ending; (2) the long head had its own tendon, which divided into two parts, i.e., a lateral part fused into the fascia between the brachioradialis and extensor carpi brevis, and a medial part attached to the radius about one centimeter ahead of the radial tuberosity; (3) the short head had an accessory origin from the shoulder capsule; (4) the bicipital aponeurosis was of two parts with an anterior superior layer formed by the long head and a posterior deep one formed by the short head; (5) the musculocutaneous nerve was especially underdeveloped that only innervated the coracobrachialis; (6) the existence of communicating branch between the musculocutaneous and median nerves, and the median nerve issued muscular branches to the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and (7) the brachioradial muscle had two accessory muscular bundles that originated from the fascia of the brachial muscle (proximal one) and from the bicipital aponeurosis (distal one).
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Numakura K.
Cancer Medicine ( Cancer Medicine ) 12 ( 16 ) 16837 - 16845 2023.08 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
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Zhou M, Ishizawa A, Akashi H, Suzuki R, Bando Y.
Anatomical Science International ( Anatomical Science International ) 98 ( 1 ) 99 - 106 2023.01 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
In the present study, four types of variations of the flexor carpi radialis with accessory muscular bundles were classified depending on the origin of the accessory muscular bundle and relationships with the bicipital aponeurosis, biceps brachii, pronator teres, and coracobrachialis. Six types of insertions of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis were also divided according to their inserted positions on the carpal and metacarpal bones. An accessory muscular bundle of the flexor carpi radialis was found in 4 (1 female and 3 males) of 68 cadavers (5.88%), with five examples in 136 arms (3.68%). It was bilateral in one cadaver and unilateral (two on the right and one on the left) in three. The insertion of the flexor carpi radialis tendon was not only on the proximal surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone but also on the third metacarpal bone, the tubercle of the trapezium, and the scaphoid. These findings and classifications are important in anatomical education, and have important significances in clinical diagnosis and therapies.
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Zhou M., Ishizawa A., Akashi H., Suzuki R., Bando Y.
Translational Research in Anatomy ( Translational Research in Anatomy ) 25 2021.11 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
Purpose: Although variations of biceps brachii muscle (BBM) and arm arteries are common, however, combined bilateral variations involving muscles and arteries are rarely described. The report's aim was the detailed presentation of a case of bilateral multiple anatomical variations in the upper extremities encountered during the dissection of a 90-year-old Japanese female cadaver. Results: On the left side, a third (accessory) head of the (BBM) was observed. Interestingly, the bicipital aponeurosis was composed of two layers, a superficial layer and a deep one. Arterial variations involved the high division of the brachial artery into the brachioradial artery (BRA), running superficially to the median nerve and the ulno-interosseous trunk occupying a normal position of the typical brachial artery. On the right side, a four-headed BBM was observed. The bicipital aponeurosis was also composed of two layers (superficial and deep), similarly to the left side. On this side, the BRA took origin from the axillary artery and crossed over the median nerve's medial root. Then, the BRA descended along the median nerve. On both sides, the BRA passed between two layers of the bicipital aponeurosis and continued its course in the forearm as the radial artery. Conclusions: Knowledge about the co-existence of multiple variations on the arm is essential for clinicians performing surgical procedures, and for medical education.
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An anomalous case of the flexor carpi radialis with an excessive muscular bundle
Zhou M.
Anatomical Science International ( Anatomical Science International ) 95 ( 2 ) 293 - 296 2020.03 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
A variation of the flexor carpi radialis with an excessive muscular bundle was found on the right forearm of a Japanese male cadaver. The flexor carpi radialis had two heads, medial one arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and the other, a variant excessive muscular bundle, arising from the bicipital aponeurosis deep at the medial edge of the tendon of biceps brachii. There was also a muscular slip between the pronator teres and lateral head of flexor carpi radialis. The insertion of the ending tendon of the flexor carpi radialis was also variant, which was not only inserted into the base of the second metacarpal bone, but into the proximal surface of the scaphoid and the tubercle of trapezium. The excessive muscular bundle might be a residual muscular slip which connects between the distal part of the biceps brachii and the initial part of the flexor carpi radialis during the early embryonic development.
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Localization of ATP-sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channel subunits in rat liver
Zhou M.
World Journal of Experimental Medicine ( World Journal of Experimental Medicine ) 9 ( 2 ) 14 - 31 2019.12 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
BACKGROUND: ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels were originally found in cardiac myocytes by Noma in 1983. KATP channels were formed by potassium ion-passing pore-forming subunits (Kir6.1, Kir6.2) and regulatory subunits SUR1, SU2A and SUR2B. A number of cells and tissues have been revealed to contain these channels including hepatocytes, but detailed localization of these subunits in different types of liver cells was still uncertain. AIM: To investigate the expression of KATP channel subunits in rat liver and their localization in different cells of the liver. METHODS: Rabbit anti-rat SUR1 peptide antibody was raised and purified by antigen immunoaffinity column chromatography. Four of Sprague-Dawley rats were used for liver protein extraction for immunoblot analysis, seven of them were used for immunohistochemistry both for the ABC method and immunofluorescence staining. Four of Wistar rats were used for the isolation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells for both primary culture and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Immunoblot analysis showed that the five kinds of KATP channel subunits, i.e. Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1, SUR2A, and SUR2B, were detected in liver. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 were weakly to moderately expressed in parenchymal cells and sinusoidal lining cells, while SUR1, SUR2A, and SUR2B were mainly localized to sinusoidal lining cells, such as HSCs, Kupffer cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for SUR2A and SUR2B was expressed in the hepatocyte membrane. Double immunofluorescence staining further showed that the pore-forming subunits Kir6.1 and/or Kir6.2 colocalized with GFAP in rat liver sections and primary cultured HSCs. These KATP channel subunits also colocalized with CD68 in liver sections and primary cultured Kupffer cells. The SUR subunits colocalized with GFAP in liver sections and colocalized with CD68 both in liver sections and primary cultured Kupffer cells. In addition, five KATP channel subunits colocalized with SE-1 in sinusoidal endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Observations from the present study indicated that KATP channel subunits expressed in rat liver and the diversity of KATP channel subunit composition might form different types of KATP channels. This is applicable to hepatocytes, HSCs, various types of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells.
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Transparent model of temporal bone and vestibulocochlear organ made by 3D printing
Suzuki R.
Anatomical Science International ( Anatomical Science International ) 93 ( 1 ) 154 - 159 2018.01 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
The vestibulocochlear organ is composed of tiny complex structures embedded in the petrous part of the temporal bone. Landmarks on the temporal bone surface provide the only orientation guide for dissection, but these need to be removed during the course of dissection, making it difficult to grasp the underlying three-dimensional structures, especially for beginners during gross anatomy classes. We report herein an attempt to produce a transparent three-dimensional-printed model of the human ear. En bloc samples of the temporal bone from donated cadavers were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scanning, and on the basis of the data, the surface temporal bone was reconstructed with transparent resin and the vestibulocochlear organ with white resin to create a 1:1.5 scale model. The carotid canal was stuffed with red cotton, and the sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein were filled with blue clay. In the inner ear, the internal acoustic meatus, cochlea, and semicircular canals were well reconstructed in detail with white resin. The three-dimensional relationships of the semicircular canals, spiral turns of the cochlea, and internal acoustic meatus were well recognizable from every direction through the transparent surface resin. The anterior semicircular canal was obvious immediately beneath the arcuate eminence, and the topographical relationships of the vestibulocochlear organ and adjacent great vessels were easily discernible. We consider that this transparent temporal bone model will be a very useful aid for better understanding of the gross anatomy of the vestibulocochlear organ.
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Highly sensitive and specific Alu-based quantification of human cells among rodent cells
Funakoshi K.
Scientific Reports ( Scientific Reports ) 7 ( 1 ) 13202 2017.12 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
Alu elements are primate-specific short interspersed elements (SINEs), over 1 million copies of which are present in the human genome; thus, Alu elements are useful targets for detecting human cells. However, previous Alu-based techniques for detecting human genomic DNA do not reach the theoretical limits of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific Alu-based real-time PCR method for discriminating human cells from rodent cells, using a primer and probe set carefully designed to avoid possible cross-reactions with rodent genomes. From 100 ng of mixed human and rodent genomes, 1 fg of human genome, equivalent to 1 human cell in 100 million rodent cells, was detectable. Furthermore, in vivo mouse subrenal capsule xenotransplantation assays revealed that 10 human cells per mouse organ were detectable. In addition, after intravenous injection of human mesenchymal stem cells into NOD/SCID mice via tail vein, the biodistribution of human cells was trackable in the mouse lungs and kidneys for at least 1 week. Our findings indicate that our primer and probe set is applicable for the quantitative detection of tiny amounts of human cells, such as xenotransplanted human cancer or stem cells, in rodents.
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Simple ways to dissect ciliary ganglion for orbital anatomical education.
Zhou M, Suzuki R, Akashi H, Ishizawa A, Kanatsu Y, Funakoshi K, Abe H
Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica ( オカジマ・フォリア・アナトミカ・ヤポニカ編集部 ) 94 ( 3 ) 119 - 124 2017.11 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
In the case of anatomical dissection as part of medical education, it is difficult for medical students to find the ciliary ganglion (CG) since it is small and located deeply in the orbit between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle and embedded in the orbital fat. Here, we would like to introduce simple ways to find the CG by 1): tracing the sensory and parasympathetic roots to find the CG from the superior direction above the orbit, 2): transecting and retracting the lateral rectus muscle to visualize the CG from the lateral direction of the orbit, and 3): taking out whole orbital structures first and dissecting to observe the CG. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed from the standpoint of decreased laboratory time and students as beginners at orbital anatomy.
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Time-saving and fail-safe dissection method for vestibulocochlear organs in gross anatomy classes
Suzuki R.
Clinical Anatomy ( Clinical Anatomy ) 30 ( 6 ) 703 - 710 2017.09 [Refereed]
Research paper (journal) Domestic Co-author
Because the vestibulocochlear organs are tiny and complex, and are covered by the petrous part of the temporal bone, they are very difficult for medical students to dissect and visualize during gross anatomy classes. Here, we report a time-saving and fail-safe procedure we have devised, using a hand-held hobby router. Nine en bloc temporal bone samples from donated human cadavers were used as trial materials for devising an appropriate procedure for dissecting the vestibulocochlear organs. A hand-held hobby router was used to cut through the temporal bone. After trials, the most time-saving and fail-safe method was selected. The performance of the selected method was assessed by a survey of 242 sides of 121 cadavers during gross anatomy classes for vestibulocochlear dissection. The assessment was based on the observation ratio. The best procedure appeared to be removal of the external acoustic meatus roof and tympanic cavity roof together with removal of the internal acoustic meatus roof. The whole procedure was completed within two dissection classes, each lasting 4.5 hr. The ratio of surveillance for the chorda tympani and three semicircular canals by students was significantly improved during 2013 through 2016. In our dissection class, removal of the external acoustic meatus roof and tympanic cavity roof together with removal of the internal acoustic meatus roof was the best procedure for students in the limited time available. Clin. Anat. 30:703-710, 2017. (c) 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.